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Climate change affects energy generation, transmission and distribution, as well as heating and cooling needs. Adaptation of the energy system aims to ensure a reliable energy supply and protect infrastructure under changing climatic conditions.
Impacts of climate change
High temperatures increase cooling demand and can reduce the efficiency of generating units and electricity networks. Drought and reduced water availability affect hydropower generation and the cooling of thermal power plants. Floods, wildfires and storms can also cause damage and power outages, while coastal facilities are exposed to sea level rise.
Impacts vary by location, technology and facility. In southern Europe, the simultaneous occurrence of high demand and constraints on generation due to heat and drought presents a particular challenge.
Proposed solutions
- Assess climate risks when designing new projects and upgrading existing facilities.
- Protect critical networks and facilities through preventive maintenance and outage response plans.
- Use water more efficiently and adopt technologies that reduce the cooling needs of generating units.
- Reduce cooling demand in buildings and increase system flexibility through suitable networks and energy storage.
Related links
EEA and European Commission. Climate-ADAPT, Energy. Thematic webpage.